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Objective:To investigate the value of serum monocyte/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) in the evaluation of osteoporosis in diabetic nephropathy patients.Methods:Diabetic nephropathy patients treated in Hangzhou Ninth People’s Hospital from Jun. 2019 to Jun. 2022 were selected. Gender, age, height and weight of all patients were collected and recorded, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Blood calcium (Ca), blood phosphorus (P), parathyroid hormone (PTH), monocyte count (M), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C), urinary microalbumin and creatinine were measured and recorded in all patients. MHR and ACR were calculated, MHR=M/HDL-C, ACR=urinary microalbumin/creatinine. Lumbar spine bone mineral density (L1-L4) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, which was divided into osteoporosis group and non-osteoporosis group.Results:Among the 117 diabetic nephropathy patients, 47 cases were osteoporotic and 70 cases were non-osteoporotic. The proportion of women in osteoporosis group was significantly higher than that in non-osteoporosis group, and BMI, PTH, MHR, ACR and bone mineral density were significantly higher than those in non-osteoporosis group, with statistical significance (all P<0.05). Multivariate binary Logistic regression analysis showed that female, MHR and ACR were independent risk factors for osteoporosis in diabetic nephropathy patients (all P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that serum MHR and ACR were negatively correlated with lumbar bone density, with statistical significance ( r=0.524 and 0.497, P=0.004 and 0.009, respectively). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of serum MHR and ACR for evaluating osteoporosis in diabetic nephropathy patients was 0.870 (0.809-0.931) and 0.849 (0.792-0.905), respectively. The AUC of serum MHR combined with ACR for osteoporosis in diabetic nephropathy patients was 0.927 (0.891-0.964) . Conclusion:Serum MHR and ACR can be used as the evaluation indexes of osteoporosis in diabetic nephropathy patients, and their combined efficacy is better.
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Objective:To study on the effect of "stomach ten acupuncture" combined with domperidone tablets on clinical symptoms and sleep quality of gastrointestinal neurosis patients with insomnia based on the theory of "stomach harmonious leading to restless".Methods:Randomized controlled trial. From March 2020 to March 2021, 98 patients with gastrointestinal neurosis and insomnia in our hospital who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into two groups, with 49 patients in each group. The control group took domperidone tablets orally, and the observation group was treated with "stomach ten acupuncture" on the basis of the control group. Both groups were treated for 8 weeks. Before and after treatment, TCM syndromes were scored, the severity of gastrointestinal symptoms was assessed with Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS), anxiety and depression were assessed with Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), and sleep quality was assessed with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scale (PSQI).Results:After treatment, the scores and total scores of epigastric pain, belching, abdominal distension, anorexia, noisy acid regurgitation, tiredness and asthenia, constipation and loose stools in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t values were 19.61, 19.30, 23.10, 22.05, 20.43, 21.81, 20.51, 16.38, respectively, P<0.01); the scores and total scores of typical symptoms, abdominal pain symptoms, reflux symptoms, diarrhea symptoms, constipation symptoms were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t values were 10.10, 11.14, 11.04, 9.31, 11.24, 5.30, respectively, P<0.01); HAMA and HAMD scores were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t values were 6.96 and 6.85, respectively, P<0.01). The scores of time to fall asleep (1.15 ± 0.56 vs. 2.11 ± 0.75, t=7.18), time to sleep (0.92 ± 0.63 vs. 1.52 ± 1.12, t=3.27), sleep quality (1.02 ± 0.66 vs. 1.96 ± 0.80, t=6.35), sleep efficiency (0.86 ± 0.62 vs. 1.68 ± 0.85, t=5.46), sleep disorders (0.92 ± 0.36 vs. 1.48 ± 0.55, t=5.96), daytime dysfunction (0.96 ± 0.42 vs. 1.97 ± 0.87, t=7.32), hypnotics (0.98 ± 0.45 vs. 1.81 ± 0.62, t=7.58) and total scores (6.85 ± 1.47 vs. 12.73 ± 2.95, t=12.49) were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01). Conclusion:The "stomach ten acupuncture" combined with domperidone tablets can improve the clinical symptoms and sleep quality of gastrointestinal neurosis patients with insomnia.
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With the development of small-molecule immunotherapy drugs, its combination with the programmed cell death ligand 1/programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-L1/PD-1) antibodies would provide a new opportunity for cancer treatment. Therefore, targeting PD-L1/PD-1 axis by small-molecule drug is an attractive approach to enhance antitumor immunity and considered as the next generation of tumor immunotherapy. In the present study, we investigated the anti-tumor role of salvianolic acid B (SAB) by regulating the PD-L1 level in tumors. Changes of total PD-L1 and membrane PD-L1 levels were determined by Western blot, flow cytometry and PD-1/PD-L1 interaction assays. The expression of mRNA level of PD-L1 was detected by real-time PCR. The cytotoxicity of activated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cells toward co-cultured tumor cells was measured by cell impedance assay and crystal violet experiment. Surface plasma resonance technique was used to analyze the direct interaction between SAB and ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 (USP2). The antitumor effect of SAB in vivo was examined by C57BL/6 mice bearing MC38 xenograft tumor (all animal experiments were conducted in accordance with the Animal Ethics Committee of the Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences). Western blot and flow cytometry assay showed that SAB can significantly downregulate the abundance of PD-L1 in RKO and PC3 cells in dose- and time-dependent manner. PD-1/PD-L1 binding assay revealed that SAB reduces the binding of tumor cells to recombinant PD-1 protein. Mechanism studies revealed that SAB can bind directly to USP2 protein and inhibit its activity, thus promote the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway degradation of PD-L1 proteins. In addition, Cell impedance and crystal violet staining indicated that SAB enhances the killing activity of co-cultured PBMC cells toward tumor cells. MC38 tumor transplanted mouse experiments revealed that SAB treatment displayed significant suppression in the growth of MC38 tumor xenografts in C57BL/6 mice with an inhibition rate of 63.2% at 20 mg·kg-1. Our results demonstrate that SAB exerts its anti-tumor activity by direct binding and inhibiting the activity of USP2 and reducing the PD-L1 level. Our study provides an important material basis and scientific basis for the potential application of SAB in tumor immunotherapy drug targeting USP2-PD-L1 axis.
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Objective:To explore the effect of "ten needles in the stomach" on sleep perception of patients with spleen-gastric damp-heat insomnia based on the theory of "stomach discord, then sleep restlessness", to provide references for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods:The study subjects were 300 patients with insomnia from the sleep department and outpatient department of Shijiazhuang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital. According to the random number method, they were divided into the stomach ten needle group, the diazepam group, and the stomach ten needle plus diazepam group, with 100 in each group. Among them, the stomach ten needles group received "stomach ten needles" acupuncture treatment, the diazepam group was given diazepam therapy, and the stomach ten needles plus diazepam group was given diazepam combined with "stomach ten needles" acupuncture treatment. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores, the self-rating disease symptom scale (SCL-90) scores, nighttime polysomnography (PSG) monitoring indicators, and the mean sleep latency (MSL) values were compared before and after treatment in the three groups. The difference in clinical efficacy between the two groups were observed.Results:The total effective rate was 94.0% (94/100) in the combined group, 77.0% (77/100) in the diazepam group, and 85.0% (85/100) in the stomach ten needle group. There were significant differences among the three groups ( χ2=11.56, P<0.01). After treatment, the daytime dysfunction, hypnotic drugs, sleep disturbance, sleep efficiency, sleep time, sleep time, sleep quality score and total score of the combined group were significantly lower than those in the diazepam group and the stomach ten needle group ( F=5.70, 3.65, 5.23, 6.37, 3.66, 6.19, 7.54, 6.40, all Ps<0.01); The scores of SCL-90 and MSL were significantly lower than those in the diazepam group and stomach ten needle group ( F=8.97, 7.53, all Ps<0.01). In the combined group, NWAK [(1.36 ± 0.87) times vs. (2.69 ± 1.15) times, (2.11 ± 1.05) times, F=5.88], SOL [(13.62 ± 5.85) min vs. (25.06 ± 9.42) min, (19.78 ± 7.63) min, F=6.49], N1/TST [(5.69 ± 1.09)% vs. (12.65 ± 2.58)%, (8.49 ± 2.45)%, F=5.13], N2/TST [(51.07 ± 10 2.06)% vs. (58.36 ± 2.18)%, (55.61 ± 2.04)%, F=9.86] were significantly lower than those in the diazepam group and stomach ten needle group ( P<0.01), SE [(90.33 ± 2.89)% vs. (85.39 ± 2.75)%, (87.53 ± 2.69)%, F=8.36], TST [(449.32 ± 23.65) min vs. (421.66 ± 25.33) min, (431.26 ± 25.98) min, F=8.26], REM/TST [(23.87 ± 4.52)% vs. (14.52 ± 3.87)%, (18.36 ± 3.25)%, F=5.34], N3/TST [(18.69 ± 2.02)% vs. (10.31 ± 1.64)%, (14.89 ± 1.74)%, F=7.69] were significantly higher than those in the diazepam group and stomach ten needle group ( P<0.01). Conclusion:Based on the "stomach discord, sleep restlessness" theory, the ten needles on the stomach can treat insomnia and improve psychological state and sleep quality, with the functions of clearing the damp and heat of the middle joker, regulating the lifting and lowering of qi in the middle.
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More and more studies have shown that NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has become the regulatory factor of inflammatory response and protective immunity, and the assembly and activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes are closely related to the anti-tumor immunity effect. Depending on the cell type and stimuli, activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome can induce immune cells to become polarized, hyperactive, or pyroptotic, releasing interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, which leads to cascade immune or inflammatory responses, and its role in tumor immunity has received extensive attention. Here, we review the mechanisms of the NLRP3 inflammasome enhancing CD8+ T cells-mediated anti-tumor immunity by inducing the pyroptosis of tumor cell, the pyroptosis or hyperactive state of dendritic cells (DCs), and the pyroptosis or polarization of the macrophages. Different anti-tumor immune roles of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in tumor cells and immune cells provide new directions for future research and may influence the development of next-generation immunotherapy.
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Objective: To establish an intramedullary transplantation model of primary megakaryocytes to evaluate the platelet-producing capacity of megakaryocytes and explore the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Methods: Donor megakaryocytes from GFP-transgenic mice bone marrow were enriched by magnetic beads. The platelet-producing model was established by intramedullary injection to recipient mice that underwent half-lethal dose irradiation 1 week in advance. Donor-derived megakaryocytes and platelets were detected by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry. Results: The proportion of megakaryocytes in the enriched sample for transplantation was 40 to 50 times higher than that in conventional bone marrow. After intramedullary transplantation, donor-derived megakaryocytes successfully implanted in the medullary cavity of the recipient and produce platelets, which showed similar expression of surface markers and morphology to recipient-derived platelets. Conclusion: We successfully established an in vivo platelet-producing model of primary megakaryocytes using magnetic-bead enrichment and intramedullary injection, which objectively reflects the platelet-producing capacity of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow.
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Animals , Humans , Mice , Blood Platelets , Bone Marrow , Bone Marrow Cells , Bone Marrow Transplantation , Megakaryocytes/metabolismABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the therapeutic mechanism of gastrodin injection for alleviating lung injury caused by focal cerebral ischemia in rats and the role of the NGF-TrkA pathway in mediating this effect.@*METHODS@#Forty SD rats were equally randomized into normal group, sham-operated group, model group and gastrodin group, and in the latter two groups, rat models of focal cerebral ischemia were established by embolization of the right middle cerebral artery. After successful modeling, the rats were treated with intraperitoneal injection of gastrodin injection at the daily dose of 10 mg/kg for 14 days. After the treatment, the wet/dry weight ratio of the lung tissue was determined, the pathological changes in the lung tissue were observed using HE staining, and the levels of IL-10 and TNF-α in the arterial blood were detected with ELISA. The expressions of NF-κB p65 and TNF-α in the lung tissue were detected with Western blotting, and the expressions of NGF and TrkA were detected using immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the normal control and sham-operated groups, the rats in the model group showed obvious inflammatory lung injury, significantly increased wet/ dry weight ratio of the lungs (P < 0.01), increased TNF-α level in arterial blood (P < 0.01), and significantly up-regulated protein expressions of NF-κB p65 (P < 0.01), TNF-α (P < 0.01), NGF (P < 0.05) and TrkA(P < 0.05) in the lung tissue. Treatment with gastrodin injection obviously alleviated lung inflammation, decreased the wet/dry weight ratio of the lungs (P < 0.05), and significantly lowered TNF-α level (P < 0.01) and increased IL-10 level in the arterial blood in the rat models (P < 0.01); gastrodin injection also significantly decreased the protein expressions of NF-κB p65 and TNF-α (P < 0.05) and up-regulated the expressions of NGF and TrkA in the lung tissue of the rats (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The NGF/TrkA pathway may participate in cerebral ischemia-induced inflammatory lung injury, which can be obviously alleviated by gastrodin through the activation of the anti-inflammatory pathway mediated by the NGF/TrkA pathway.
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Animals , Rats , Anti-Inflammatory Agents , Benzyl Alcohols , Brain Ischemia , Glucosides , Lung/metabolism , Lung Injury , NF-kappa B , Nerve Growth Factor , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alphaABSTRACT
Natural products are valuable resources for discovering new drugs. So far, screening bioactive compounds from organism extracts is still an important and challenging task. Traditional biometric guided method involves repeated fractionation steps and bioactivity tests, which are time-consuming, labor-consuming, and inefficient. Ligand fishing is a bioanalysis method for screening ligands from complex organism extracts based on intermolecular affinity interactions. It has the characteristics of strong specificity, high efficiency, and less requirement for sample pretreatment. In this review, we summarize the classification of ligand fishing strategy and its application in enzyme inhibitors screening. Finally, the development prospects of this technology are forecasted.
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ABSTRACT: Herbicide application is an effective weed control method for mitigating crop yield loss; however, herbicide overuse can cause toxicity in non-target plants. The present study evaluated the effects of glufosinate at recommended dose for agricultural application (0.45 kg ha-1) and at overuse dose (0.90 kg ha-1) glufosinate application on photosynthetic performance and nitrogen assimilation of the rapeseed varieties D148 and Zhongshuang 11 (ZS11). Both glufosinate concentrations significantly decreased the content of chlorophyll and nitrogenous compounds, except free proline, and the activity of glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase, and increased the activity of glutamic acid dehydrogenase in both varieties. When the concentration of glyphosate was 0.45kg ha-1, the nitrogen assimilation of the two varieties decreased, which indicated that the recommended dosage inhibited the nitrogen assimilation of the two varieties; however, the increase of net photosynthetic rate of D148 and the decrease of that of ZS11 mean that D148 is more tolerant to the recommended dose of glyphosate than ZS11. The 0.90 kg ha-1 dosage was toxic to both rapeseed varieties. Overall, our results indicated that herbicide overuse inhibited the photosynthetic rate and nitrogen assimilation in rapeseed seedlings, and it is essential to apply a suitable glufosinate dose based on the variety grown to minimize adverse effects on crops and environment.
RESUMO: A aplicação de herbicidas é um método eficaz de controle de ervas daninhas para mitigar a perda de produtividade das culturas. No entanto, o uso excessivo de herbicidas pode causar toxicidade em plantas não alvo. O presente estudo avaliou os efeitos da dose recomendada para aplicação agrícola (0.45 kg ha-1) e dose excessiva (0.90 kg ha-1) de glufosinato no desempenho fotossintético e assimilação de nitrogênio das variedades de colza D148 e Zhongshuang 11 (ZS11). Ambas as concentrações de glutamato diminuíram significativamente o teor de clorofila e compostos azotados, exceto a prolina livre, e a atividade de síntese da glutamina e de síntese de glutamato, e aumentaram a atividade de desidrogenase do ácido glutâmico em ambas as variedades. Quando a concentração de glifosato foi 0.45 kg ha-1, a assimilação de azoto das duas variedades diminuiu, o que indicou que a dosagem recomendada de glifosato inibiu a assimilação de azoto das duas variedades de colza. Entretanto, a taxa fotosintética líquida do D148 aumentou enquanto o do ZS11 diminuiu, o que significa que o D148 é mais tolerante a dose recomendada de glifosato do que o ZS11. A dose de 0.90 kg ha-1 de glifosato foi prejudicial para as mudas de duas variedades de colza. Em geral, os nossos resultados indicam que o uso excessivo de glufosinato inibe a taxa fotossintética e a assimilação de nitrogênio em mudas de colza, sendo essencial aplicar uma dose adequada deste herbicida com base na variedade cultivada para minimizar os efeitos adversos nas culturas e no meio ambiente.
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Objective::To screen out active fraction from Euphorbia fischeriana, separate active components from E. fischeriana and explore structure-activity relationships, in order to analyze and identify chemical compositions of petroleum ether fraction from E. fischerian ethanol extract by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole-time-of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Method::The anti-tumor activities of petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water extracts from E. fischeriana were tested by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)method. A variety of modern chromatographic separation methods were used to separate active compounds from petroleum ether layer. Compounds were isolated. Their structures were identified by NMR technique. The structure-activity relationships between anti-tumor activities and structures of compounds were investigated. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technique was used to identify the structures of petroleum ether extract from E. fischeriana. Mass spectrometry was performed in the positive ion mode using ESI ion sources. Result::Six compounds were isolated from petroleum ether fraction. They were jolkinolide A, jolkinolide B, 17-hydroxyjolkinolide A, 17-hydroxyjolkinolide B, euphopilolide and atis-16-en-13(s)-hydroxy-3, 14-dione. A total of 23 peaks were identified based on the comparison of retention times, accurate masses and fragmentation patterns with available standard compounds and literatures. Among them, there were 19 diterpenoids, 2 polyphenols, 1 fatty acid and 1 triterpenoid. Peaks No.18 and No.21 were tentatively identified as new compounds. Conclusion::The petroleum ether fraction showed a potential anti-tumor activity. The structure-activity relationships were discussed. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technology can be used to quickly and accurately identify the structures, so as to provide a reference for its quality evaluation and active ingredient research.
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Objective: To study the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of cultivar and wild population of Rehmannia glutinosa and its relative species by ISSR molecular marker technique, and provide the reference for R. glutinosa germplasm protection and breeding. Methods: 106 samples including cultivar and wild population of R. glutinosa and its relative species were studied by ISSR-PCR markers. Nei's genetic diversity index (H) and other parameters of genetic information were calculated by POPGEN 32, and a cluster dendrogram of different samples was established based on the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) by NTSYS-pc software. Results: Seven ISSR primers generated 85 loci of which 83 loci were polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphie bands (PPB) of all samples was 97.65%. Nei's genetic diversity index (H) and Shannon's information index (I) were 0.2659 and 0.4125. The percentage of polymorphie bands (PPB) of cultivar of R. glutinosa was 30.59%. The percentage of polymorphie bands (PPB) of wild population of R.glutinosa in Henan province was 83.53%. In the cluster dendrogram, all samples were clustered into seven groups at the level of Genetic similarity coefficient (GS) 0.67. Conclusion: The results of ISSR analysis revealed that the level of genetic diversity between wild populations of R. glutinosa was higher than that within cultivar populations of R. glutinosa. The genetic diversity among wild populations of R. glutinosa in Henan province was higher than other region, which was consistent with authentic producing areas of R. glutinosa in this area. The relationships of wild population of R. glutinosa had no obvious correlation with their geographical distribution pattern.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of preparation height and cement space on the fit and retention of computer aided design (CAD)/computer aided manufacturing (CAM) zirconia crown, and to provide reference for the clinical design and fabrication of CAD/CAM crowns.@*METHODS@#3D printing system was used to fabricate resin abutment teeth with convergence angle of 2° and height of 1-3 mm. The models' optical impressions were collected by the three-shape scanner. Then, the cement spaces were set by Cradle CAD/CAM system at 10-50 μm to create an all-ceramic zirconia crown. The fit of the crowns was measured by using silicone rubber interstitial impression method. The retention of the crowns was measured by pull-off test with uniaxial tensile force after the crown was bonded. The data were analyzed by SPSS 22.0 soft-ware.@*RESULTS@#When the preparation height was fixed, the fitness values of different cement space groups have statistical difference (P0.05). The fitness values of different preparation height groups have no statistical difference (P>0.05), and the retention values of different preparation height groups have statistical difference (P0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#When cradle CAD/CAM system is used to create a full crown in the clinic, the preparation height should be set to more than 3 mm, and the cement space should be set at 30 μm.
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Computer-Aided Design , Crowns , Dental Porcelain , Dental Prosthesis Design , ZirconiumABSTRACT
Objective To understand the population distribution, density, seasonal fluctuation and nocturnal activity of malaria vectors in Anhui Province from 2016 to 2018, so as to provide a data support for formulating the control strategy for imported malaria during the malaria post-elimination stage. Methods The malaria vectors were monitored in 105 counties (cities or districts) of Anhui Province from 2016 to 2018, and the population density, seasonal fluctuation and nocturnal activity of the mosquitoes were observed using the lamp trapping and human bait trapping methods. The density of Anopheles mosquitoes was compared among different years, regions and mosquito-capturing sites. Results Anopheles mosquitoes were captured in 103 counties (cities or districts) of Anhui Province during the period from 2016 to 2018, and a total of 32 494 mosquitoes were captured using the lamp trapping method and 36 228 captured using the human bait trapping method. All captured mosquitoes were morphologically identified as Anopheles sinensis, and no An. anthropophagus was found. The density of An. sinensis peaked from June to August, and the peak nocturnal activity was found during the period between 19∶00 and 23∶00. Among all mosquito-capturing sites, the highest mosquito density was seen in the livestock and poultry sheds (H = 18.835, P < 0.05). The density of An. sinensis varied significantly in regions in 2016 and 2017 (H = 16.655 and 11.566, P < 0.01), and a low density was found in north of the Huai River. Conclusions An. sinensis is widely distributed in Anhui Province, which is the currently predominant malaria vector in the province. During the malaria post-elimination stage, the malaria vector monitoring should be intensified and vector control interventions should be timely adopted in epidemic foci of Anhui Province to prevent the local re-transmission of overseas imported malaria.
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Objective: To evaluate the changes of left ventricular function in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) before PCI and within 24 hours after PCI by layer-specific strain, and to explore the value of this new assessment method for quantitative monitoring on the myocardial function in STEMI patients. Methods: A total of 40 patients with acute anterior wall myocardial infarction, who underwent PCI in Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University during July 2017 to July 2018, were included in this prospective cohort study. According to the symptom to balloon time (STB), the patients were divided into STB ≤6 hours group (26 cases) and STB 6-12 hours group (14 cases). Echocardiography was performed before, immediately, 3 hours and 24 hours after PCI. Echocardiographic indexes including endocardial myocardial longitudinal strain (LS-endo), 18-segment full-thickness myocardial longitudinal strain (LS) of left ventricle and left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS) were measured. The mean LS-endo and LS values of myocardial segments in infarcted area (IALS-endo, IALS) and the mean LS-endo and LS values of myocardial segments in non-infarcted area (NIALS-endo, NIALS) were calculated. Results: There were 34 males and 6 females in this cohort and age was (62±10) years. In STB≤6 hours group, the IALS-endo value ((13.7±4.9)% vs. (10.0±2.7)%, P<0.05) and NIALS-endo value ((17.0±2.9)% vs. (14.6±2.9)%, P<0.05) were significantly higher at 24 hours after PCI than those before PCI. In the group of STB 6-12 hours, IALS-endo decreased immediately after PCI ((6.7±3.3)% vs. (11.9±6.5)%, P<0.05), and there was a rising trend at 3 hours after PCI (P>0.05). At 24 hours after PCI, the index was higher than that immediately after PCI ((13.6±8.4)% vs. (6.7±3.3)%, P<0.05). The NIALS-endo value was significantly higher at 24 hours after PCI than that before PCI ((17.1±2.1)% vs. (14.5±3.2)%, P<0.05). In the STB 6-12 hours group, the decrease rate of IALS-endo immediately after PCI was higher than that in the STB ≤6 hours group (93% (13/14) vs. 35% (9/26), P<0.001). In STB ≤6 hours group, the NIALS value at 24 hours after PCI was higher than that before PCI (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in IALS, NIALS and GLS at other time points (P>0.05). Conclusions: Layered LS is superior to full-thickness LS and GLS in evaluating left ventricular function in STEMI patients. LS measured by echocardiography can continuously and quantitatively evaluate the changes of left ventricular myocardial function in STEMI patients before and after PCI.
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Female , Humans , Male , Echocardiography , Percutaneous Coronary Intervention , Prospective Studies , ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction/surgery , Ventricular Function, LeftABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effect of analgecine (AGC) on inflammatory response in the cell model of ischemic stroke and its mechanism. Methods:Sodium hydrosulfite (Na2S2O2) combined with sugar-free culture-medium was used to stimulate the model of ischemic stroke in vitro. BV2 cells were divided into six groups: control group, control with 0.5 U/ml AGC group, oxygen deprivation and recovery (OGD/R) group, OGD/R with AGC (0.25 U/ml, 0.5 U/ml, 1 U/ml) groups. After oxygen and glucose deprivation for 1.5 hours, they were changed to normal medium and given different concentrations of AGC in OGD/R with AGC groups. After co-incubation for three hours, the cells were treated. The content of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the supernatant was detected. The expression of M1-type microglia marker CD16+CD32 and M2-type microglia marker CD206 were detected with immunofluorescent staining. BV2 cells were divided into seven groups: control group, control with 0.5 U/ml AGC group, IL-4 group, IL-4 + lipopolysaccharide (LPS) + interferon (IFN)-γ group, IL-4 + LPS + IFN-γ with AGC (0.25 U/ml, 0.5 U/ml, 1 U/ml) groups. After 24 hours of IL-4 treatment, LPS + IFN-γ were added for 18 hours, they were changed to normal medium and given different concentrations of AGC for 24 hours, the expression of CD16+CD32 and CD206 were observed by flow cytometry. Results:Compared with the control group, the IL-6 and TNF-α level increased (P < 0.01), the number of CD16++CD32+ increased and the number of CD206+ decreased in OGD/R group. Compared with the OGD/R group, the IL-6 and TNF-α level decreased (P < 0.01), the number of CD16++CD32+ decreased and the number of CD206+ increased in AGC groups. Compared with the control group, the number of CD206 tended to increase, and the number of CD16+CD32 tended to decrease in IL-4 group; compared with IL-4 group, the number of CD16+CD32 tended to increase, and the number of CD206 tended to decrease in IL-4 + LPS + IFN-γ group; compared with IL-4 + LPS + IFN-γ group, the number of CD16+CD32 tended to decrease, and the number of CD206 tended to increase in IL-4 + LPS + IFN-γ + 0.25 U/ml AGC group and IL-4 + LPS + IFN-γ + 0.5 U/ml AGC group, while the number of CD206 increased in IL-4 + LPS + IFN-γ + 1.0 U/ml AGC group (P < 0.05). Conclusion:AGC could inhibit the secretion of inflammation factors by promoting the polarization of microglia from M1 phenotype to M2 phenotype.
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, which is characterized by cognitive and memory dysfunction. Calpain is widely activated in cells. Disturbance of calpain is currently thought to a main cause of hyperphosphorylation and abnormal cleavage of tau protein in AD pathology. Calpain affects the activities of glycogen synthase kinase 3 and protein phosphatase 2A, which causes abnormal hyperphosphorylation of multiple sites of tau protein, and mediates truncation of tau protein monomers, and induces neurodegeneration. Calpain is expected to be a potential target for drug therapy of AD.
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Objective: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is along with cognitive decline due to amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, tau hyperphosphorylation, and neuron loss. Shenqi Xingnao Granules (SQXN), a traditional Chinese medicine, significantly ameliorated the cognitive function and daily living abilities of patients with AD. However, till date, no study has investigated the mechanism of action of SQXN on AD. The present study aimed to verify the effects of SQXN treatment on cognitive impairments and AD-like pathologies in APP/PS1 mice. Methods: Four-month-old APP/PS1 transgenic (Tg) mice were randomly divided into a model group and SQXN-treated (3.5, 7, 14 g/kg per day) groups. Learning-memory abilities were determined by Morris water maze and object recognition test. All mice were sacrificed and the brain samples were collected after 75 d. The soluble Aβ contents were detected by Elisa kit; The levels of expression of NeuN, APP, phosphorylated tau and related protein were measured by Western blotting; The inflammation factors were detected by the proinflammatory panel kit. Results: Four-month-old APP/PS1 mice were administered SQXN by oral gavage for 2.5 months. Using the Morris water maze tests and Novel object recognition, we found that SQXN restored behavioral deficits in the experimental group of Tg mice when compared with the controls. SQXN also inhibited neuronal loss (NeuN marker). SQXN treatment decreased soluble Aβ42 through inhibiting the expression of sAPPβ and BACE-1 without regulating full-length amyloid precursor protein (FL APP). Insulin degrading enzyme (IDE), the Aβ degrading enzyme, were increased by SQXN. In addition, SQXN reduced hyperphosphorylated tau protein levels and prevented excessive activation of p-GSK-3β in the brain of APP/PS1 mice. Compared with APP/PS1 transgenic negative mice, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12p70, KC/GRO and TNF-α were not obviously changed in the brain of 6.5-month-old APP/PS1 transgenic (Tg) mice. However, SQXN could inhibited the expression of IL-2. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that SQXN ameliorates the cognitive impairments in APP/PS1 mice. The possible mechanisms involve its inhibition of neuronal loss, soluble Aβ deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation and inflammation.
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Objective@#To investigate the efficacy, safety of alprostadil combined with Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides in the treatment of patients with diabetic nephropathy and its influence on inflammatory factors.@*Methods@#From December 2015 to June 2018, 100 patients with diabetic nephropathy admitted to Dajiangdong Hospital were randomly divided into two groups according to the digital table, with 50 cases in each group.The control group received oral administration of Tripterygium wilfordii glycosides, the observation group received combined use of alprostadil intravenous infusion.The efficacy, safety and expression of serum TNF- and IL-6 were observed in the two groups.@*Results@#Before treatment, the fasting blood glucose, 2 h postprandial blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin of the control group were (8.87±0.65)mmol/L, (12.26±1.57)mmol/L, (8.15±0.56)%, respectively, which of the observation group were (8.69±0.72)mmol/L, (12.41±1.64)mmol/L, (8.12±0.49)%, respectively, and there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups (t=0.78, 0.69, 0.72, all P>0.05). After treatment, the fasting blood glucose, 2 h postprandial blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin of the control group were (7.34±0.61)mmol/L, (10.04±1.40)mmol/L, (7.28±0.53)%, respectively, which of the observation group were (6.93±0.39)mmol/L, (8.57±1.33)mmol/L, (6.21±0.44)%, respectively.The blood glucose of the two groups was significantly improved (t=4.13, 5.75, 3.69, 5.25, all P<0.05), and the blood glucose indicators of the observation group were significantly improved compared with the control group(t=3.56, 4.28, 4.12, all P<0.05). Before treatment, the 24-hour urinary protein quantification, urine beta 2-microglobulin in the control group were (0.27±0.05)g/L and (0.12±0.05)mg/L, respectively, which in the observation group were (0.26±0.06)g/L, (0.12±0.04)mg/L, respectively, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups (t=0.58, 0.63, all P>0.05). After treatment, the 24-hour urinary protein quantification, urine beta 2-microglobulin in the control group were (0.19±0.04)g/L, (0.08±0.04)mg/L, respectively, which in the observation group were (0.14±0.03)g/L, (0.06±0.03)mg/L, respectively, the indicators of proteinuria in both two groups were significantly improved (t=3.97, 4.38, all P<0.05), and the indicators of proteinuria in the observation group were significantly improved compared with the control group (t=3.84, 3.99, all P<0.05). Before treatment, the serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels in the control group were (150.97±23.82)μmol/L, (13.57±2.24)mmol/L, respectively, which in the observation group were (162.73±21.75)g/L, (14.05±2.31)mmol/L, respectively, there were no statistically significant differences in renal function between the two groups (t=1.02, 0.93, all P>0.05). After treatment, the levels of serum creatinine and urea nitrogen in the control group were (122.38±18.34)μmol/L, (8.72±0.71)mmol/L, respectively, which in the observation group were (101.41±15.64)g/L, (5.11±0.68)mmol/L, respectively, and the indicators of renal function in both two groups were significantly improved(t=5.31, 6.47, 4.92, 6.33, all P<0.05). The indicators of renal function in the observation group were significantly improved compared with the control group (t=4.96, 5.14, all P<0.05). Before treatment, the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the control group were (28.28±4.75)ng/L, (17.13±4.46)ng/L, respectively, which in the observation group were (27.87±4.81)ng/L, (16.98±4.27)ng/L, respectively, there were no statistically significant differences in IL-6 and TNF-α levels between the two groups(t=0.86, 0.97, all P>0.05). After treatment, the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the control group were (19.72±4.21)ng/L, (14.35±3.25)ng/L, respectively, which in the observation group were (14.61±3.18)ng/L, IL-6 (11.28±3.09)ng/L, respectively, the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the two groups were significantly improved (t=5.83, 8.24, 4.66, 7.38, all P<0.05). The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the observation group were significantly improved compared with the control group (t=4.32, 3.89, all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#Alprostadil combined with Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides can significantly improve the clinical efficacy of diabetic nephropathy, with fewer adverse reactions and high safety, which may be related to its ability to regulate the expression of serum TNF-α and IL-6.
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Objective Studies are rarely reported on the factors influencing prognosis of surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma with a micropapillary pattern (LAC-MPP). This study aimed to explore the clinicopathological characteristics and risk factors of surgically resected LAC-MPP. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 384 cases of LAC treated in Henan Cancer Hospital between June 2015 and December 2017, which were classified into an MPP group (n = 82) and a non-MPP control group (n = 302) according to the results of postoperative pathology. We determined the expression of the fusion protein anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), analyzed its association with the clinicopathological features of LAC-MPP, and explored the risk factors of postoperative MPP. Results Compared with the non-MPP group, the LAC-MPP patients showed a significantly higher expression of ALK (0.03% vs 12.20%, P < 0.05), rate of bronchial invasion (30.80% vs 48.78%, P < 0.05) and vascular tumor thrombus (0.99% vs 25.61%, P < 0.05), but a lower mutation rate of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (64.24% vs 51.22%, P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the expression of ALK, vascular tumor thrombus, and age were significantly associated with the risk of postoperative MPP. Conclusion There is a high incidence rate of ALK expression in LAC-MPP patients after operation, which may provide some new ideas for the clinical treatment of the disease. Special attention should be paid to the expression of the ALK fusion protein and vascular tumor thrombus, and age in patients with LAC-MPP after operation.